Anthropology?its methodology, its paths to knowing; but also its epistemology, its modes of knowing?saturates the practices of Science and Technology Studies (STS). In a nutshell, anthropology has helped STS find ways to break open the discourses of science. If we were to believe our ?natives??scientists?and accept what they say about what they do and know on their own terms, we would not be able to add anything to these stories. And so in STS, we have modified the anthropological propensity to (...) make the strange familiar and invented the technique of making the familiar strange. Now we can reimagine our natives? stories, note how they are told, and investigate why they are told the way they are?relating them to the practices from which they spring. Our terminological tinkering?refusing to adopt the terms of the actors?is, then, also an epistemological tinkering; we account for these practices in terms of our own. (shrink)

The Dutch pig husbandry has become a topic of public debate. One underlying cause is that pig farmers and urban-citizens have different perspectives and underlying norms, values and truths on pig husbandry and animal welfare. One way of dealing with such conflicts involves a learning process in which a shared vision is developed. A prerequisite for this process is that both parties become aware of their own fixed patterns of thoughts, actions, and blind spots. Therefore, we conducted five homogeneous focus (...) groups consisting of either urban-citizens or pig farmers. The first part of the sessions aimed to make the participants aware of their own perspectives and underlying norms and values concerning animal welfare, farm practices or consumer behavior. Then, by the use of role-play and film fragments showing the perspectives of the other party, we aimed to stimulate frame reflection. The farmers maintained their own perspective and defended their practices. They denied the perspective of the urban-citizens by portraying them as ignorant of the “factual” farm practices. They proposed the use of one-way information, but our results indicate that this is likely to fail as a strategy to support or restore public acceptance. Our case shows hardy any consensus regarding the relevance of the facts at stake and a very limited amount of shared values. However, the shared love for animals together with the recognition by the urban-citizens of the inescapable dilemma for farmers to adopt a use-framing towards animals might provide an opening for further learning strategies. (shrink)

Analysis of a European Union funded biotechnology project on plant genomics and marker assisted selection in Solanaceous crops shows that the organization of a dialogue between science and society to accompany technological innovations in plant breeding faces practical challenges. Semi-structured interviews with project participants and a survey among representatives of consumer and other non-governmental organizations show that the professed commitment to dialogue on science and biotechnology is rather shallow and has had limited application for all involved. Ultimately, other priorities tend (...) to prevail because of high workload. The paper recommends including results from previous debates and input from societal groups in the research design phase (prior to communication), to use appropriate media to disseminate information and to make explicit how societal feedback is used in research, in order to facilitate true dialogue between science and society on biotechnology. (shrink)

It is some 900 years before Christ that we find the most ancient traces of two innovations which were to have incalculable consequences for the future of mankind. The evolution of civilization has, in fact, been marked by a clean break located at the era when man discovered the rudiments of agriculture and animal husbandry and began to produce his own food. Whereas for the three million years during which he had to provide for his needs exclusively through hunting, fishing (...) and gathering, his progress was extremely slow, the adoption of a new way of life based on agriculture and animal husbandry allowed man to transform himself in less than twelve thousand years from deer hunter into astronaut. (shrink)

The central question of this article is how to deal (both theoretically and empirically) with the notion of the public sphere with reference to the EU. First the literature on the European public sphere is examined in order to disentangle various assumptions underlying the definition of the concept. Then, the concept of the public sphere is opened up by focusing on `public discourse' instead. Following from this change in perspective, a different model is sketched that can be used to make (...) sense of the public debate held in European media. Finally, the proposed approach is illustrated by applying it to the discourse developed on the issue of the EU enlargement in four weekly magazines, namely Cambio 16 (Spanish), Elsevier (Dutch), the New Statesman (British), and der Spiegel (German). (shrink)

Pig farmers and scientists appear to have different perspectives and underlying framing on animal welfare issues as tail biting and natural behaviour of pigs. Literature proposes a joint learning process in which a shared vision is developed. Using two different settings, a symposium and one-to-one dialogues, we aimed to investigate what elements affected joint learning between scientists and pig farmers. Although both groups agreed that more interaction was important, the process of joint learning appeared to be rather potentially dangerous for (...) the farmer–scientist relationship. During the symposium, farmers were only moderately open for scientific knowledge and the issue of tail biting had the tendency to run into a deadlock. The setting was an influencing element for the degree of success, because the dialogues did lead to improved mutual trust and understanding of each other’s framing and context. Another element was the degree of usability and absoluteness of scientific facts. They were frequently not concrete enough, too uncertain or not relating to the context of the farmers. In addition, some scientific facts were not recognized by the farmers. Both groups appeared to react and argue from their praxis, including their local environment, way of living, handling and understanding their environment. These praxises appeared to function as a filter, influencing the way of observing the environment, inducing ‘blind spots’ and misunderstandings. Stepping in each other’s praxis might provide concrete and fusing insights, required to realize joint learning processes. (shrink)

Dans l'"Avis des éditeurs", on explique en quoi consiste l'intérêt particulier de ce recueil de lettres privées, non destinées à la publication. En plus, on apprend les circonstances grâce auxquelles une partie importante des papiers de Rousseau est entrée à la Bibliothèque de la ville (actuelle Bibliothèque publique et universitaire) de Neuchâtel: "J'entends que tous les papiers manuscrits de Jean-Jacques Rousseau [...] soient recueillis et rassemblées en paquets étiquetés et cachetés, pour être déposés dans une bibliothèque publique bien assurée. Les (...) lettres adressées à moi seront également déposées [...]" (extrait du testament de Pierre-Alexandre Du Peyrou du 22 juillet 1791. "Avis..." p. 16 s.). (shrink)

O envelhecimento populacional é uma preocupação mundial e exige medidas de prevenção de saúde a serem adotadas com a maior brevidade possível. Esse processo é, muitas vezes, acompanhado pelo declínio das habilidades cognitivas, como a memória e as funções executivas. O objetivo do presente estudo é ..

This contribution presents an adult education workshop implemented in the field of early childhood education. One of the specificities of education and care practices lies in the competences of the professionals to give a central role to the detailed observation of situations, in order to adjust their modalities of action. How can such observational work be developed and transformed? A participatory research-training approach aims to support the co-construction of an analytical view on observable phenomena in the course of interactions. In (...) a perspective of interactional analysis, it focuses on the modalities that favor the construction of such an analytical posture. (shrink)

Depuis la nuit des temps, les relations homme-animal ont reposé sur un principe d'inégalité et de domination. Pourtant, la place et le statut des animaux ont récemment connu de grandes évolutions. L'animalisme, à l'instar de l'antispécisme ou de l'abolitionnisme est progressivement entré dans le débat public, poussé par une actualité brûlante (scandales des abattoirs, vidéos L214, émergence d'un véganisme de masse, etc.). A l'origine, ce courant d'éthique proposant de défendre les droits des animaux était considéré comme une mouvance violente et (...) radicale. Comment cette doctrine a-t-elle séduit un public de plus en plus large? Que nous raconte cet engouement quant à nos valeurs, aux croyances de notre société? Cet ouvrage constitue la première analyse sociologique de ce phénomène émergent. En embrassant les points de vues politiques, écologiques, religieux ou encore celui des contre-cultures, Marianne Celka jette un regard neuf et, pour la première fois, neutre et objectif sur cette question aussi profonde que troublante du rapport entre l'homme et l'animal. (shrink)

ABSTRACTThe massive influx of refugees into Europe in the past few years has given rise to different kinds of challenges among which is the challenge to successfully communicate with newly arrived immigrants. In this article, we will focus on the public service provision sector where quality of service is to a large extent determined by the capability of a service provider and his or her “client” to understand one another. The article centres on a study involving public organisations providing asylum (...) services or healthcare services in the multilingual and multicultural city of Brussels. Several interviews were conducted to gain insight into the communication problems such organisations face, as well as their communication requirements and solutions when providing services to people of different linguistic and cultural backgrounds. We will focus on the types of bridging functions commonly deployed by these organisations in multilingual service encounters and on the motivations for using them. In a... (shrink)

La photographie des deux gardiens du camp de Buchenwald, signée Lee Miller, tranche dans l’iconographie traditionnelle des camps de concentration. Photographie de combat, qui s’intéresse à l’ennemi, elle refuse la neutralité de la photographie documentaire et le style compassionnel qui privilégie les victimes depuis les années 1930. Mais cette photographie doit aussi se regarder comme un miroir. À travers la violence, la domination de l’ennemi et le voyeurisme qui sont au coeur de son dispositif, l’image dessine le portrait d’une femme (...) archétype de la beauté, qui choisit de faire la guerre en homme et en soldat, pour rompre avec son passé et une identité féminine traditionnelle qui l’enferme et la contraint. (shrink)

Pig farmers and scientists appear to have different perspectives and underlying framing on animal welfare issues as tail biting and natural behaviour of pigs. Literature proposes a joint learning process in which a shared vision is developed. Using two different settings, a symposium and one-to-one dialogues, we aimed to investigate what elements affected joint learning between scientists and pig farmers. Although both groups agreed that more interaction was important, the process of joint learning appeared to be rather potentially dangerous for (...) the farmer–scientist relationship. During the symposium, farmers were only moderately open for scientific knowledge and the issue of tail biting had the tendency to run into a deadlock. The setting was an influencing element for the degree of success, because the dialogues did lead to improved mutual trust and understanding of each other’s framing and context. Another element was the degree of usability and absoluteness of scientific facts. They were frequently not concrete enough, too uncertain or not relating to the context of the farmers. In addition, some scientific facts were not recognized by the farmers. Both groups appeared to react and argue from their praxis, including their local environment, way of living, handling and understanding their environment. These praxises appeared to function as a filter, influencing the way of observing the environment, inducing ‘blind spots’ and misunderstandings. Stepping in each other’s praxis might provide concrete and fusing insights, required to realize joint learning processes. (shrink)

This article reflects on the struggle for recognition, in particular on the question of how to avoid people becoming battle-weary. Where do people find the strength to continue this struggle without lapsing into violence? These are questions which we derive from one of Paul Ricoeur's latest publications Course of Recognition. Ricoeur claims that the only way to avoid the struggle for recognition degenerating into violent conflicts, is to place it in a horizon of hope – the hope that the struggle (...) does not have the final word on interpersonal relations. In this article we take up Ricoeurs suggestion and elaborate it successively from a broad religious perspective and a Christian-Biblical perspective. This also allows us to develop new anthropological insights concerning the Struggle for Recognition. (shrink)

Trente-cinq ans après le numéro d'hommage que lui consacrait à sa mort La Nouvelle Revue française, cet ouvrage rassemble une matière inédite sur le philosophe, écrivain et éditeur Brice Parain. Il s'agit, d'une part, de textes et témoignages prononcés lors d'une journée d'études en juin 2002 organisée par la Bibliothèque nationale de France, détentrice de ses archives personnelles. On y a joint, d'autre part, un ensemble de documents éclairant d'un nouveau jour le parcours singulier d'une des grandes figures intellectuelles françaises (...) du siècle dernier. Les analyses des historiens se mêlent ici, documents et archives à l'appui, aux travaux des philosophes et des critiques pour porter un regard plus renseigné sur ses multiples interventions dans la vie intellectuelle, littéraire et politique du pays : son rapport au communisme et aux communistes français, son rôle exact dans l'histoire éditoriale de la NRF, son dialogue avec les nouvelles figures dominantes de la vie intellectuelle de l'après-guerre son célèbre affrontement avec Jean-Paul Sartre est l'épisode le plus souvent cité ; mais il y en aura d'autres... Et voilà bien sûr que, par d'autres voies, on interroge à nouveau, en s'efforçant de la saisir sous tous ses aspects et variations et dans sa grande profondeur, ce qui demeure la grande question de sa vie : qu'est-ce qu'un langage à la mesure et au service de l'homme? Homme de courage et de cœur autant qu'homme de lettres, Parain tire sans doute son opiniâtreté d'une enfance paysanne où l'on ne se payait pas de mots. Les témoignages abondent pour dépeindre la gentillesse, l'ouverture d'esprit, l'obstination aussi du " philosophe paysan " qui n'a jamais rien oublié de la campagne de son enfance. Ni de la Russie, d'ailleurs, qu'il connaissait intimement et dont il contribua à faire connaître les grands auteurs passés et contemporains en menant une politique active de publications et de traductions - des grandes traductions données par la " Pléiade " au Docteur Jivago de Boris Pasternak. Un Français à l'âme slave, donc. Et une personnalité très attachante. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie Jahrgang: 65 Heft: 2 Seiten: 349-355.

Du moment où, en juin 1934, se noue entre eux une relation amoureuse et jusqu’à leur mariage en août 1937, les ethnologues Denise Paulme et André Schaeffner entretiennent une correspondance régulière. Si les lettres d’André Schaeffner n’ont pas été retrouvées, celles de Denise Paulme constituent une source essentielle pour observer les débuts d’une carrière scientifique féminine dans l’entre-deux-guerres. Elles nous révèlent que l’expérience de terrain, désormais située au cœur du parcours de l’ethnologue professionnel, a permis à Denise Paulme d’asseoir les (...) bases d’une légitimité qui ne lui était pas acquise. Mais elles mettent également en évidence la nécessité, pour une femme, de penser conjointement sa vie affective et sa vie scientifique, pour conquérir une place dans celle de ces deux vies où elle n’était pas attendue. (shrink)

Active pluralism, an idea advanced by Steve Stevaert, former leader of the Flemish Socialist political party, has been commonly accepted among most progressive citizens. It is now a political, social and pedagogical ‘hot’ topic. Anyone wishing to be perceived as ‘open’ pleads earnestly for interreligious dialogue. Instead of passive tolerance, which too often leads to indifference, the other should now be entitled to our active concern. What is more, it benefits society as a whole. Congenial as this is, the plea (...) for active pluralism remains rather vague. This vagueness has the advantage that everyone can embrace active pluralism and be a winner. However, if active pluralism is to be more than just the latest novelty it will require conceptual clarity. Only then can it be assessed on whether it succeeds in offering a better alternative to passive pluralism. In this article I reflect on the Flemish discussion on active pluralism and intend to articulate the philosophical, anthropological and hermeneutical presuppositions underlying the concept. To do so, I take as my starting point the recent publication by the philosopher Guido Vanheeswijck, Tolerantie en actief pluralisme. De afgewezen erfenis van Erasmus, More en Gillis. (shrink)

Dans notre État laïque et démocratique, les débats relatifs aux sujets d’éthique ne semblent pas pouvoir être menés dans une ambiance apaisée. Loin d’entendre des échanges ouverts et rationnels, nous assistons à des joutes oratoires emplies de condamnations incohérentes et de prédictions aussi catastrophistes qu’infondées. Pourtant, au moment même où l’espace public et médiatique semble refuser le débat lucide et raisonnable, un nouveau territoire offre l’occasion de le mener à bien : celui des séries télévisées. Véritable phénomène culturel d’une ampleur (...) inédite, l’essor des séries télés, outre sa fonction de divertissement, permet aux questions d’éthique d’être véritablement posées et discutées. Depuis la question de la vie jusqu’à celle de la mort, depuis la question des services corporels à celle des comportements sexuels, les séries couvrent tout le champ de l’éthique contemporaine. Populaires sans céder au populisme, elles s’offrent indéniablement des outils au service de la réflexion éthique. (shrink)

L’idéologie universaliste a longtemps cantonné les études gays et lesbiennes à un petit cercle de militants exclus des institutions académiques. Cette mise à l’écart présuppose que l’étude d’une minorité n’intéresse et n’éclaire que cette minorité. Gay New York, dont le titre original est Gay New York. Gender, Urban Culture and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890-1940, en est le démenti. L’importance de cette somme dépasse amplement son cadre thématique. En effet, l’ouvrage de George Chau...

Summary In this article, classical writings of Kurt Lewin and Wolfgang Metzger concerning education for democracy and tolerance are presented. Starting with a definition of „group” and the discussion of the meaning of groups for the individual life, especially the experimental studies of Kurt Lewin, Ronald Lippitt and Raph K. White in 1937/38 on different group atmospheres under the influence of „democratic” vs. „autocratic” vs. „laissez faire” leading style are presented again, in order to give an example for the meaning (...) of atmosphere influences on personal development, creativity and aggression – all topics concerning actual school situations and the daily experience of pupils and teachers. The collection of writings concerning education for democracy and tolerance include some of Lewin’s writings on minority problems and Metzger’s fundamental thougts on political education as a special application of productive thinking in Wertheimer’s sense. Some possibilities of how to change prejudices and to develop tolerance in Lewin’s and Metzger’s sense are presented. As a conclusion, some ideas for actual school life and possibilities to make pupils tolerant and able to participate actively in a democratic society are developed. (shrink)

Le propos de ce texte est d’interroger quelques-unes des mises en discours de la notion de risque appliquée à l’enfant, afin de soulever les questions éthiques trop souvent laissées dans l’ombre et néanmoins inhérentes à ces discours. Les auteurs analysent principalement ceux qui proviennent de la psychologie, de la démographie et de la sociologie de la famille à propos de l’impact des désunions conjugales sur le destin des enfants. Cela afin de démontrer l’extrême polysémie de la notion de risque et (...) d’interroger les effets stigmatisants du recours abusif à cette notion du côté des interventions publiques. (shrink)

Mehr Markt und Wettbewerb im Gesundheitswesen, so der Tenor aktueller gesundheitspolitischer Debatten, soll Transparenz schaffen, Kosten senken, Missbräuche verhindern und die Qualität der Leistungen steigern. Marianne Rychner zeigt anhand objektiv-hermeneutischer Materialanalysen, in welcher Weise professionalisierte ärztliche Praxis und die Logik des Marktes in einem Widerspruch zueinander stehen. Dies wird deutlich anhand einer detailgetreuen Rekonstruktion zweier ärztlicher Konsultationen. In der Interaktion zwischen Ärztin und Patient entfaltet sich eine komplexe Handlungslogik. Diese konfrontiert die Autorin mit aktuellen Versuchen, der ärztlichen Praxis den (...) Charakter eines marktkonformen Produkts zu geben. (shrink)

When the University of Halle-Wittenberg founded the Interdisciplinary Centre for Research into the European Enlightenment in 1993, it was following the destiny of its history as a centre of the Early Enlightenment in Germany which affected the whole of Europe and as one of the moving forces behind the Anthropological Turn. Research foci of the Centre have been and are Enlightenment anthropology, Enlightenment in the reference field of early modem esotericism, university history, philanthropism and the Garden Kingdom of Dessau-W rlitz; (...) more recent emphasis has been on the Early Enlightenment as a field of experimentation and the foundation of cultural models for the Modern Age. The results of this research have been published since Autumn 1995 in the Centres' research publications series entitled University of Halle Series on the European Enlightenment. In addition, there have been relevant works produced outside the Centre. Two to four volumes are published annually (monographs, collected volumes, commentaries on sources). (shrink)

Résumé Les missions et transmissions qui s’engagent dans les liens sociaux et familiaux ont prise sur le corps, ici défini dans sa double composition de corps biologique et de corps érotique. Les messages du sexuel inconscient infiltrent l’architecture psychosomatique et subvertissent les relations familiales, sociales, intersubjectives. Après quelques rappels théoriques, l’article aborde plusieurs situations cliniques prises dans la littérature psychanalytique (cas de Dora pour Freud) et dans la pratique clinique récente avec des patients présentant des pathologies somatiques diverses : pelade (...) totale décalvante, infarctus du myocarde, suivi post-greffe cardio-pulmonaire. (shrink)

Résumé Les missions et transmissions qui s’engagent dans les liens sociaux et familiaux ont prise sur le corps, ici défini dans sa double composition de corps biologique et de corps érotique. Les messages du sexuel inconscient infiltrent l’architecture psychosomatique et subvertissent les relations familiales, sociales, intersubjectives. Après quelques rappels théoriques, l’article aborde plusieurs situations cliniques prises dans la littérature psychanalytique (cas de Dora pour Freud) et dans la pratique clinique récente avec des patients présentant des pathologies somatiques diverses : pelade (...) totale décalvante, infarctus du myocarde, suivi post-greffe cardio-pulmonaire. (shrink)

In Metaphysics A.4, Aristotle provides crucial information about fundamental aspects of the chemistry and microphysics of the atomic theory of Leucippus and Democritus of Abdera. Besides the plenum and the void, which he identifies as the elements of the atomic theory, he presents what he himself names as differences. These fundamental differences are named so because they ought to be responsible for the emergence of all other differences in the physical world, and especially the ones that hit our senses. Aristotle (...) provides a list of three differences both in what is recognized as autochthonous terminology from Leucippus and Democritus, and in a translation to terms apparently more intelligible to Aristotelian listeners. Among those differences there is one in particular that is harder to comprehend than the other ones: rhysmos. Aristotle’s translation of rhysmos into schēma has led most interpreters to acknowledge that it referred solely to atoms individually, while the other two differences would refer to relations between atoms. In this paper, I want to propose an interpretation in which rhysmos actually refers to several aspects of the chemistry and microphysics of the atomic theory. (shrink)

Le Commentarium in Convivium Platonis de Marsile Ficin célèbre le Banquet de Platon. Mais dans cette reprise laudative, de notables infléchissements témoignent d’une réinterprétation décisive du legs du platonisme. En se centrant sur la seule réécriture du portrait de Socrate par Alcibiade, l’article met ainsi en évidence des modifications troublantes et répétées de détail en détail – la laideur du silène, l’atopie du philosophe et la puissance corybantique de ce Marsyas disparaissent au profit de l’éloge d’un Socrate qui « charme (...) » par son éloquence supérieure et apparaît comme un verus amator. Loin d’être mineures, ces modifications répondent en fait à un remaniement métaphysique de la conception de l’amour et, conséquemment, de la « philo-sophie », où se perd la dimension inquiétante de la mania platonicienne. L’effroi de la dépossession est désormais circonscrit dans le circuitus spiritualis normé d’une harmonie cosmique. (shrink)

« Objet historique mal identifiable » d’après les termes mêmes de l’auteure, cet ouvrage très volumineux et abondamment illustré nous fait entrer dans l’univers d’une École primaire supérieure féminine (EPS), celle de Poitiers, de sa création en 1901 à sa transformation en Collège moderne et technique en 1941 puis en Collège d’enseignement secondaire (CES) en 1964. Alimentée par une importante recherche en archives et de très nombreux entretiens menés auprès d’anciennes élèves, cette monograp...

Pour compléter ce numéro et afin de souligner son actualité, nous avons souhaité échanger avec Marianne Amar, historienne, responsable du département de la recherche au Musée National de l’Histoire de l’Immigration (Palais de la Porte-Dorée, Paris). L’entretien s’est tenu le 26 juin 2019 et a duré une heure trente. Comme convenu en juin, Marianne Amar a complété ses propos quelques mois plus tard pour présenter les projets actuels du musée sur le thème « femmes et genre en migration (...) ». Linda... (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie Jahrgang: 65 Heft: 2 Seiten: 349-355.

Abstract:S. N. Balagangadhara, Sarika Rao, Jakob De Roover, and Marianne Keppens One of the best-known aspects of Indian society is its "rigid caste system" and the "evil practices of untouchability." It is a truism today to say that Indian society is divided into four castes, which are not allowed to mix. Many Indian texts are brought forward as evidence of this understanding of Indian society. The ancient Indian text Mānavadharmaśāstra or "Laws of Manu" takes a central place in such (...) accounts. This is especially the case for its verses on varṇasankara, translated as "mixing of social classes" or "intermixture of castes." Given the important role these verses play in the understanding of Indian culture, society, and policymaking, it is crucial to translate them accurately. Using one verse in one text, this article focuses on the standard translation and deals both critically and constructively with the received view. (shrink)